Comparative cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of bio-based and petrochemical PET bottles

'Cradle-to-grave' assessment of existing lignocellulose pretreatment technologies.

Pretreatment is considered to be a central unit process in a biorefinery to convert lignocellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals, affecting all other operations in the process. A variety of technologies to pretreat lignocellulosic biomass are available today, which encompass a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological based processes. Among these, chemical based pretreatments are con...

"... From the cradle to the grave".

commission into silence, for it offers no recommendations on improving the maternity services-despite our perinatal mortality figures, with their alarming regional variations; despite mounting public concern that perinatal mortality reflects only a fraction of perinatal morbidity; and despite a rising murmur of anger from parents left to raise spastic children because of inadequate maternity fa...

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment

Stable neuron numbers from cradle to grave.

T he human cerebral cortex is the main organ responsible for our cognitive abilities, e.g., our abilities to use language and math, to reason and theorize, and to read and write articles such as this one, essentially defining who we are and what we do, and, most importantly, storing a lifetime of experience. The critical cell type underlying these functions is the neuron. The human neocortex co...

Clearance and control mechanisms of hemoglobin from cradle to grave.

Hemoglobin is a highly reactive molecule, and besides its oxygen-carrying capacity, it has multiple enzymatic and ligand-binding activities that have only recently been explored as fundamental pathophysiologic mechanisms. Nitric oxide neutralization, generation of potentially toxic radical species, and heme-mediated inflammation are among the most extensively studied mechanisms of Hb-mediated p...